Langston Hughes Theme For English B - 1332 Words

My response to Langston Hughes in Theme for English B is we have a variety of interests that are relatable to both of us. We encountered and conquered the greatest battles in our lives. We confronted segregation and rejection in view of the color of our skin and identity. After reading his poem, I was reminded of how I experienced discrimination and rejection throughout public school and I was labeled an outsider. I was discriminated and rejected not only just the color of my skin, it’s because of my disability. Langston Hughes’ Theme for English B made me feel the same way at public school. I wonder, precisely who am I? Where do I fit on this Earth? Indeed, these are a couple of questions that Hughes struggles with, aside from the world in which he was posing these questions. I was lost, but now I found my identity and build great character. My identity, which includes my race, disability, and my values are either accepted or not in this broken world. These three thin gs affect how I read Langston Hughes’ poem because I was faced with deep ambivalence toward the prevailing society, but now I feel that I’m open and positive about society and my place in it. During Hughes’ era, he experienced college as a black man in a group of white students. He was left out because he is black and he has similarities. For me, I was questioning on why I was hated by a group of students who were the same race as me. They told me that I m not black enough. I was confused and frustratedShow MoreRelatedLangston Hughes Theme For English B785 Words   |  4 PagesTheme for English B by Langston Hughes A â€Å"Theme for English B† is a poem written by Langston Hughes, in 1949 during the Harlem Renaissance. In his poem Langston Hughes was able to raise the question to anyone who was struggling to find his or hers identity, I was able to relate towards the poem because I too struggle with my identity and what my goals are in life. Hughes was also able to express that two people can learn from each other no matter their race or gender, by trying to relate to hisRead MoreLangston Hughes Theme For English B845 Words   |  4 PagesIn â€Å"Theme for English B† Langston Hughes dramatizes race and self-identity. Hughes is struggling to relate himself to his teacher and everyone around him, so he starts off by telling readers about his background such as his age and where he has lived. â€Å"I am twenty-two, colored, born in Winston- Salem† (2). Through the first stanza of the poem we know that Hughes is living through a time where race is a big issue and not too many African American adolescents are in school like he is. He is learningRead MoreTheme For English B By Langston Hughes1273 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout my life I have experienced many trials that are quite different to that of the narrator in â€Å"Theme for English B†; however, there are some similarities such as his life experiences, that can be compared to those of the narrator. In this poem Langston Hughes writes of a man who is given an assignment with very abstract and philosophical instructions for writing this paper. Accordingly, the narrator has some difficulties at first because he thinks of how different he and the professor isRead More Analysis of Theme for English B by Langston Hughes Essay1793 Words   |  8 Pages Langston Hughes was an African American poet and author who joined other black artists to break literary barriers during the civil rights movement. The poem entitled Theme for English B was written thirty years or so after the birth of the Harlem Renaissance, but still embodies why the Renaissance had originated in the first place. I believe this poem reflected on Hughes life in general, but more importantly on the fight against the ignorance that created discrimination. James Mercer LangstonRead MoreAnalysis Of Langston Hughes Poem Theme Of English B911 Words   |  4 PagesThe more you know, the greater you individual power becomes. Upon reading Langston Hughes poem â€Å"Theme of English B† I understand that knowledge does not discriminate or separate people based upon race, age, or educational level. However, it brings us together and allows us to grow. Once you obtain any form of knowledge from anyone power is gained. Every time you quire new information you become powerful. â€Å"Theme of English B† brings light that we as a nation learn from each other if we are open mindedRead MoreAnalysis Of `` Girl `` By Jamaica Kincaid And Theme For English B By Langston Hughes1228 Words   |  5 PagesHow can two completely different texts convey the same message while covering different issues? In this paper I will argue that â€Å"Girl† by Jamaica Kincaid and â€Å"Theme for English B† by Langston Hughes are both addressing the same issue but in different ways. I will look at the similarities of characters, symbolism, and text found in the story. Even though the texts are different, th ey are both revealing social issues found in society. â€Å"Girl† by Jamaica Kincaid is a short story that consists ofRead MoreAnalysis Of Langston Hughes s Poem Theme From English B 1592 Words   |  7 Pages What Lies Beneath Langston Hughes was an American poet who spent a majority of his life growing up in Cleveland, Ohio as well as Lincoln, Illinois. Hughes was able to travel across the states and to several different countries which allowed him to experience diversity and hardships like poverty and racial discrimination. His teenage years was around the time that he would start to write poetry. The poetry that he wrote throughout his life incorporated Black culture and revealed his deeper viewsRead MoreLangston Hughes Theme for English B and Gerald Graff’s Hidden Intellectualism882 Words   |  4 PagesLangston Hughes â€Å"Theme for English B† and Gerald Graff’s essay â€Å"Hidden Intellectualism† portray racial separation and intellectual isolation, respectively. Hughes’ essay is poetic justice, and Graff’s is a call to arms. Hughes’ is short and to the point and is simply what it is, no arguing or convincing, just raw thought. Graff’s is hig hly intellectual; offering examples and reasoning, and it could even be seen as a not-quite-finished plea to the nation to reevaluate our education system. But theRead MoreLangston Hughes: Spokesman for Civil Rights960 Words   |  4 PagesTracy Johnson Mr. Bush English Comp. 11 26 October 2012 Langston Hughes: Spokesman for Civil Rights The purpose of this essay is to examine the theme of three Langston Hughes poems; â€Å"I. Too,† â€Å"Mother to Son,† and â€Å"Theme for English B.† The theme of these three essays is civil rights. Langston Hughes was born in Joplin, Missouri in 1902. His parents separated early in his life, he lived with his mother in Kansas City. Langston Hughes attended High School where as a senior he wrote, â€Å"The NegroRead More`` True Freedom `` By Langston Hughes1163 Words   |  5 Pagesup for beliefs. Langston Hughes, an American poet known for his writing during the Harlem Renaissance period said, â€Å"In all my life, I have never been free. I have never been able to do anything with freedom, except in the field of my writing.† (citation). As a young African American man, Hughes faced man obstacles, but writing gave him a sense of freedom of expression. His poetry reached people of various social, cultural, and racial backgrounds. Hughes’ poetry has timeless themes that give insight

The International Financial Reporting Standards - 895 Words

Article: 1 Adoption of IFRS by Central Government in UK The International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) have made an impact on the foundations of accounting, resulting in a different stance from the prior UK GAAP. Some of the more noticeable changes included; the increase of government resources being allocated to the standard. Companies will be required to provide all information of the incoming and expenditure of all money and assets under the new regulations. The presentation and terminology were altered in the current â€Å"Income Statement† and â€Å"Statement of Financial Position† leading to a change of some aspects on the budgets and estimates. â€Å"Fair value†; the unbiased evaluation of an assets potential market†¦show more content†¦The review committee of the Scrutiny Unit has addressed the changes made by IFRS. This includes whether the Treasury department adjusts to the fact that the budgets reflect additional costs, minimize hidden costs, therefore making the budget more accurate. Article:2 IFRS adoption and capital market consequences The outcomes on cost of capital required would be lowered as it improves the liquidity of the company within the market under the new regulations that is the IFRS. Many authors such as Daske et al. (2008) and Li (2010), along with Florou and Kosi (2009) have conducted studies to see if these results materialize in adopting the new jurisdiction. A study done by Li in 2010 shows that in 2005, the cost of equity has declined by 47% under the new regulations. Daske et al (2008) found mixed evidence about the effects of the adoption of IFRS. His study was based on the Liquidity of the capital market under the new regulation. In addition to this study, Florou and Kosi decided to look into another dimension by analyzing the impact of debt financing on capital markets. It was surprising to find that the yield was 39 basis points lower by companies that have adopted the International Standards. The research conducted also found out that mutual funds holdings increased over a period by those who had adopted the new standards. In another study done by DeFond et al, the foreign ownership of companies was

Places and Manner of Articulation in English Free Essays

| PLACES OF ARTICULATION The active articulator usually moves in order to make the constriction. The passive articulator usually just sits there and gets approached. A sound’s place of articulation is usually named by using the Latin adjective for the active articulator (ending with an â€Å"o†) followed by the Latin adjective for the passive articulator. We will write a custom essay sample on Places and Manner of Articulation in English or any similar topic only for you Order Now For example, a sound where the tongue tip (the â€Å"apex†) approaches or touches the upper teeth is called an â€Å"apico-dental†. Most of the common combinations of active and passive articulator have abbreviated names (usually leaving out the active half). These are the abbreviated names for the places of articulation used in English: Bilabial The articulators are the two lips. (We could say that the lower lip is the active articulator and the upper lip the passive articulator, though the upper lip usually moves too, at least a little. ) English bilabial sounds include [p], [b], and [m]. [pic] Labio-dental The lower lip is the active articulator and the upper teeth are the passive articulator. English labio-dental sounds include [f] and [v]. [pic] Dental Dental sounds involve the upper teeth as the passive articulator. The active articulator may be either the tongue tip or (usually) the tongue blade. Dentals are the initial sounds of words ‘thin’ and ‘that’. [pic] Alveolar Alveolar sounds involve the alveolar ridge as the passive articulator. The active articulator may be either the tongue blade or (usually) the tongue tip. English alveolar sounds include [t], [d], [n], [s], [z], [l]. [pic] Post alveolar Post alveolar sounds involve the area just behind the alveolar ridge as the passive articulator. The active articulator may be either the tongue tip or (usually) the tongue blade. English postalveolars include [[pic]r ]. pic] Linguists have traditionally used very inconsistent terminology in referring to the post alveolar POA. Some of the terms you may encounter for it include: palato-alveolar, alveo-palatal, alveolo-palatal, and even (especially among English-speakers) palatal. Many insist that palato-alveolar and alveo (lo)-palatal are two different things — thoug h they don’t agree which is which. â€Å"Post alveolar†, the official term used by the International Phonetic Association, is unambiguous, not to mention easier to spell. Palato-alveolar These are produced by two simultaneous articulations: ) the blade of tongue articulates against the teeth ridge. b) The front of tongue is raised towards the hard palate. e. g. initial sounds in words ‘ shampoo’, ‘jug’, ‘cheese’ are palato-alveolar sounds. Palatal The active articulator is the tongue body and the passive articulator is the hard palate. The English glide [j] is a palatal. Velar[pic] The active articulator is the tongue body and the passive articulator is the soft palate. English velars include [k], [g] and also ‘ing’ sound in word ‘knowing’. [pic] Glottal This isn’t strictly a place of articulation, but they had to put it in the chart somewhere. Glottal sounds are made in the larynx. For the glottal stop, the vocal cords close momentarily and cut off all airflow through the vocal tract. In [h], the vocal cords are open, but close enough together that air passing between them creates friction noise. [pic] MANNER OF ARTICULATION †¢ Stop, an oral occlusive, where there is occlusion (blocking) of the oral vocal tract, and no nasal air flow, so the air flow stops completely. Examples include English /p t k/ (voiceless) and /b d ? / (voiced). If the consonant is voiced, the voicing is the only sound made during occlusion; if it is voiceless, a stop is completely silent. What we hear as a /p/ or /k/ is the effect that the onset of the occlusion has on the preceding vowel, as well as the release burst and its effect on the following vowel. The shape and position of the tongue (the place of articulation) determine the resonant cavity that gives different stops their characteristic sounds. All languages have stops. †¢ Nasal, a nasal occlusive, where there is occlusion of the oral tract, but air passes through the nose. The shape and position of the tongue determine the resonant cavity that gives different nasals their characteristic sounds. Examples include English /m, n/. Nearly all languages have nasals, the only exceptions being in the area of Puget Sound and a single language on Bougainville Island. †¢ Fricative, sometimes called spirant, where there is continuous frication (turbulent and noisy airflow) at the place of articulation. Examples include English /f, s/ (voiceless), /v, z/ (voiced), etc. Most languages have fricatives, though many have only an /s/. However, the Indigenous Australian languages are almost completely devoid of fricatives of any kind. †¢ Affricate, which begins like a stop, but this releases into a fricative rather than having a separate release of its own. The English letters â€Å"ch† and â€Å"j† represent affricates. Affricates are quite common around the world, though less common than fricatives. †¢ Flap, often called a tap, is a momentary closure of the oral cavity. The â€Å"tt† of â€Å"utter† and the â€Å"dd† of â€Å"udder† are pronounced as a flap in North American and Australian English. Many linguists distinguish taps from flaps, but there is no consensus on what the difference might be. No language relies on such a difference. There are also lateral flaps. †¢ Trill, in which the articulator (usually the tip of the tongue) is held in place, and the airstream causes it to vibrate. The double â€Å"r† of Spanish â€Å"perro† is a trill. Trills and flaps, where there are one or more brief occlusions, constitute a class of consonant called rhotics. †¢ Approximant, where there is very little obstruction. Examples include English /w/ and /r/. In some languages, such as Spanish, there are sounds that seem to fall between fricative and approximant. †¢ One use of the word semivowel, sometimes called a glide, is a type of approximant, pronounced like a vowel but with the tongue closer to the roof of the mouth, so that there is slight turbulence. In English, /w/ is the semivowel equivalent of the vowel /u/, and /j/ (spelled â€Å"y†) is the semivowel equivalent of the vowel /i/ in this usage. Other descriptions use semivowel for vowel-like sounds that are not syllabic, but do not have the increased stricture of approximants. These are found as elements in diphthongs. The word may also be used to cover both concepts. †¢ Lateral approximants, usually shortened to lateral, are a type of approximant pronounced with the side of the tongue. English /l/ is a lateral. Together with the rhotics, which have similar behavior in many languages, these form a class of consonant called liquids. [pic] How to cite Places and Manner of Articulation in English, Papers

Accounting Software Implementation Macquarie Group-Free Samples

Question: Discuss About The Software Implementation At Macquarie Group? Answer: Introduction The report is made in the light of Macquarie Group, a reputed company based in Sydney, Australia. The purpose of the report is to focus on the importance of implementation of accounting software packages by small to large-scale businesses for furthering the development of the same. Accounting Software packages help a company of any scale to manage all financial aspects and issues by keeping electronic records of the same and providing solutions related to any accounting issues (Hall 2012). Therefore, it is better to implement software that can help in efficient handling of accounts related matters. About the Company and its Organisational Structure Macquarie Group is a financial institution that provides financial aid to its clients in any manner. It provides its clients with solutions to manage assets, gives guidance related to banking, investment and such. The company was listed in the year 1996 whose current managing director (MD) and CEO is Nicholas Moore (Macquarie.com 2017). The non-hierarchical organisational structure of Macquarie is divided into five functional divisions. The executive committee is a centralised group that is formed with the MD, Deputy MD, Risk Management Head, Global Chief Operations officer and Chiefs of Macquaries main operating departments. There are separate departments within the organisation that is managed and handled by these operating groups. These departments are inter-related depending on their specialisation in specific market. Apart from the operational divisions, there are four service divisions that provide the support, infrastructure and framework required by the operational divisions for the management of the business. The four service groups are Financial Management, Risk Management, Corporate Operations, Legal and Governance Group (Macquarie.com 2017). Figure 1: Organisational Structure of Macquarie Group (Source: Macquarie.com 2017) Operational Issues of the Company due to its Structure The organisational structure of the company has led to certain operational problems related to its services to its clients. Australian Securities and Investment Commission (ASIC) ordered the company to compensate 160,000 clients including the past and existing ones. The company is accused of misconduct and wrong financial advice provided by its financial advisers that had caused huge financial loss to the clients (Mossa and Silvapulle 2012). The advisors used a cheat file known as the Penske File that contains answers to important questions required in professional development exams. The financial advisors of the company are also accused of intentionally labelling people as sophisticated-wholesale investors so that their money can be utilised in risky investments ignoring the security provided to retail investors (Li, Allan and Evans 2015). Apart from this massive scandal, the company have faced problem due to poor quality of record keeping and lacking proper information about its cl ients. The organisational structure is non-hierarchical that is the top management of the company must depend on the reports of the service departments and do not examine the feasibility of the reports. This type of organisational structure has hindered the company to get information about the activities performed by the financial advisors, which has led to such operational scandals (Li, Allan and Evans 2015). System Acquisition methods of Macquarie Macquarie Group uses three vendor software providers as a method of system acquisition. Intralinks is collaboration and project management software that supports strategic collaboration solutions for various industries including financial services (Www2.intralinks.com 2017). It helps the company in providing financial solutions and management guidance in the organisation. Manage Engine is another software used by the company that provides real-time management tools for IT sector of an organisation (Manageengine.com 2017). The software provides efficient performance in critical IT infrastructure that includes desktops, applications, networks, servers and such. Synopsys is a software provider that provides testing and optimisation tools for the IT sector of the company dealing with software that will allow secure financial transactions and processes in between the organisation and its clients (Synopsys.com 2017). Apart from the software that Macquarie Group utilises from the three software vendors mentioned above, the company have also created custom software to improve the relationship of the bank with the customer. The bank has developed a data layer between the existing legacy systems and the banks clients. The data layer is developed using open source database tool along with machine learning technologies and Big Data (ComputerWeekly 2017). Macquarie Banking Group is a digital-only bank that does not have any physical branch apart from its headquarter. In case of digitalised banks, a good customer experience is solely dependent on the online websites or the applications that help to cater for all the needs of the customer. Therefore, the primary objective of a digitalised bank is to improve the quality and service of the websites or applications to provide customer a flawless experience (ComputerWeekly 2017). In case of legacy systems, there is always an intermediate person involved between the bank and its client who manage the communication between the business and client. However, in case of digitalised banks like the Macquarie Group the customer approaches the bank directly regarding any matter.Therefore, the services provided by the bank through the digital medium are necessary to fulfil all the requirements of the customer. The data layer that is implemented on top of the legacy system is known as the customer experience layer (CX), which removes the complicated features of a legacy system. The open source software used by the company is provided by DataStax. The data stored in the legacy systems are initially migrated to the implemented data layer that is made on the DataStax platform (ComputerWeekly 2017). The second phase involves implementation of sophisticated artificial intelligence (A.I) to execute functions like real-time data analysis and machine learning. The implementatio n of an A.I will help to facilitate the customer with their requirements irrespective of time. The last phase includes the decommissioning of the legacy systems completely from the back end after all the user data have been migrated from the legacy systems to the new data layer. The maintenance of legacy systems is very costly and it often exhausts the resource of the IT sector of a company and eventually various issues arise due to it. Removal of the legacy systems will help the organisation greatly in terms of finance and will allow the investment of the saved money in improving other sectors of the same (ComputerWeekly 2017). System Flowchart for the Sales Procedures of Macquarie Group The figure provided below shows the system flowchart for the sales procedure of Macquarie Banking Group. The chart shows that the operation in the sales process starts from the customer who places an order request, say for a Credit Card. The order or disapproved by the banks executive depending on the terms of the company. Once the order is confirmed, it is delivered to the customer (Macquarie.com 2017). Figure 2: System Flowchart for Sales Procedure of Macquarie Group (Source: Macquarie.com 2017) Control Problems in the System and Possible Frauds The non-hierarchical structure of the organisation has created a gap in various levels in the organisation. The management of the organisation fail to monitor the activities of the service team that has created control problem. The financial advisors are undertaking unfair and illegal means for self-interest (Ting 2014).They are cheating the clients and using a specific file called the Penske File that contains answers to important questions required in professional development exams. These frauds have led the company to compensate for the damage caused to 160,000 customers as ordered by ASIC (Ting 2014). Development and Adoption of the Accounting Software Packages Macquarie Banking Group has adopted Xero as the accounting software package. Xero is a third-party accounting software package provider that is based in Australia. It provides for all the online financial helps that are required by the customer of Macquarie bank. The clients can view their account details along with transaction history that took place in that account through the Xero app (Dimitriu and Matei 2014). Xero provides a direct feed and online mini statement to the customers on the existing status of their account. The accounting software is also responsible for the bookkeeping of the entire banking activity log daily that allows the organisation to keep records of its past activities and refer the same when required. The financial records and the customer details are efficiently maintained by the software (Mageto 2017). Current Market Size The figure provided below shows a graph where the market size of four leading banks of Australia, including Macquarie Bank, are analysed and recorded from the month of March 2017 to August 2017.The grey coloured graph depicts the market size of Macquarie Banking Group. The figure clearly proves that Macquarie Bank is at the top of the chart in the market and is dominating the same in comparison to its other competitors (Macquarie.com 2017). Figure 3: Current Market Size of Macquarie Group (Source: Macquarie.com 2017) Leaders in the Market The dominant leaders in the Australian market along with the Macquarie Group are the Commonwealth Bank of Australia, Westpac Banking Corp and the Scentre Group. Each bank has adopted different competitive strategies to stay ahead from its rivals in the market.The Commonwealth Bank of Australia has adopted the strategy to excel in customer service, while the Westpac Banking Corps strategy is to achieve technological and operational excellence. The Macquarie Group have given stress on the variety of services that can be provided to their clients. The clients of Macquarie bank enjoy a large variety of services than other banks provide, which has proved to give an edge to the bank in the competition in the market (Bhattacharya, Romani and Stern 2012). Existing Challenges Encountered by Users of Accounting Software The users of accounting software packages frequently face problems related to the same. The reason for most problem encounters are use of outdated software or the ones that are not very user-friendly (Simkin, Norman and Rose 2014). Lack of proper protection is also a matter of concern for the accounting software users as important company data are accessible to the third-party service providers. There is some accounting software that have weak reporting service and fail to help users who desire to fetch their stored business data. There are many more challenges that is faced by an accounting software package user which requires detailed analysis (Mutongi 2014). Some Recommendations To avoid the problems mentioned above while using accounting software packages, it is better to use sophisticated firewall and network security software that will manage data protection and use trusted as well as reputed and user-friendly accounting software service provider, so that the user can avail an efficient accounting service. Conclusion Considering all the pros and cons of availing an accounting software service, the report concludes that it is necessary to implement this service for businesses of every size and competency for furthering their improvement. References Bhattacharya, A., Romani, M. and Stern, N., 2012, May. Infrastructure for development: meeting the challenge. In Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy, Londres. www. cccep. ac. uk/Publications/Policy/docs/PP-infrastructure-for-development-meeting-the-challenge. pdf. Consultado el (Vol. 15). ComputerWeekly. 2017. Customer experience transformation at Macquarie bank brings legacy system retirement as a bonus. [online] Available at: https://www.computerweekly.com/news/450418866/Customer-experience-transformation-at-Macquarie-bank-brings-legacy-system-retirement-as-a-bonus [Accessed 17 Aug. 2017]. Dimitriu, O. and Matei, M., 2014. A new paradigm for accounting through cloud computing. Procedia Economics and Finance, 15, pp.840-846. Hall, J.A., 2012. Accounting information systems. Cengage Learning. Li, Y., Allan, N.D. and Evans, J.R., 2015. An analysis of Australian Banks Operational Risk Events using evolutionary techniques. Macquarie.com. 2017. Macquarie Group. [online] Available at: https://www.macquarie.com/in/corporate [Accessed 17 Aug. 2017]. Mageto, J., 2017. Accounting Softwares in Australia. An Overview. Manageengine.com. 2017. Desktop Management Software | Desktop Administration Software | Mobile Device Management (MDM) Software. [online] Available at: https://www.manageengine.com/products/desktop-central/index.html?gclid=CjwKCAjw_dTMBRBHEiwApIzn_F6__J9DI2QeeBUgBlGxbT1fsvGFhjpJHqTSwaJ7nOJhgC5Jqk5BMhoC83QQAvD_BwE [Accessed 17 Aug. 2017]. Moosa, I. and Silvapulle, P., 2012. An empirical analysis of the operational losses of Australian banks. Accounting Finance, 52(1), pp.165-185. Mutongi, B., 2014. An analysis of the effectiveness accounting information systems on decision making: a case of MMCZ. Simkin, M.G., Norman, C.S. and Rose, J.M., 2014. Core concepts of accounting information systems. John Wiley Sons. Synopsys.com. 2017. Synopsys. [online] Available at: https://www.synopsys.com/ [Accessed 17 Aug. 2017]. Ting, A., 2014. Now you see it now you don't: Who is the taxpayer in the Macquarie Bank case. Austl. Tax F., 29, p.477. Www2.intralinks.com. 2017. Securing Business Beyond Boundaries. [online] Available at: https://www2.intralinks.com/global/en?531406168gclid=CjwKCAjw_dTMBRBHEiwApIzn_JQBUKJzOerEURndxw62_89V-Kr1aGf02GVz7MKZ3fgldxufruaKNxoCYsgQAvD_BwE [Accessed 17 Aug. 2017].

assisted suicide or euthanasia essays

assisted suicide or euthanasia essays On July 26, 1997, the U.S. Supreme Court unanimously upheld decisions in New York and Washington State that criminalized assisted suicide. As of April 1999, physicians-assisted suicide is illegal in all but a couple of states. Over thirty states have established laws prohibiting assisted suicide, and of those who dont have statues, a number of them prohibit it through common law. In Michigan, Jack Kevorkian was initially charged with violating the state statue. He was charged with first-degree murder and delivering a controlled substance without a license. The assisted suicide charge was dropped, however, he was eventually convicted of second-degree murder and delivering a controlled substance without a license. Only one state, Oregon, has legalized assisted suicide. The Oregon law, which went into effect in October 1997, provides that a doctor may prescribe, but not administer, a lethal dose of medication to a patient who has less than six months to live. As of April 1999, 2 3 patients were given the drugs under the statue, and 15 of them used the drugs to commit suicide. A report released by the Oregon State Health Division found that the law was working well and had not been subject to abuse (REED A9). The word Euthanasia originated from the Greek language: eu means good and thanatos means death. The term euthanasia normally means that the person who wishes to commit suicide must initiate the act (WORLD BOOK). However, some people define euthanasia to include both voluntary and involuntary termination of life. Euthanasia has many meanings so it is important to differentiate among the vaguely related terms. These meanings of terms were cited from George Lundberg, M.D. in Views of Assisted suicide. Involuntary Euthanasia: This term is used by some to describe the killing of a person in opposition to their wishes. It is basically a form of murder and not a popular view among most people...

Free Essays on Fifth Business

â€Å"Carpe diem!† â€Å"question authority†, â€Å"live long and prosper.† If one lives long enough, one will encounter such clichà © statements. These statements become a part of life and many individuals acquire their lives to following them. The significance comes in why people adopt certain clichà ©. The answer may lie in that the world is composed of assorted people who think, and act in their own personal beliefs. And everybody plays their own role in the world: roles such as religious leaders, authoritative leaders, and materialistic leaders. This form of macrocosm is captured in the microcosm in the town of Deptford in Robertson Davies‘ Fifth Business. The roles of the characters in Fifth Business demonstrate how a small village in the first half of the twentieth century can represent the diversity of the entire world. Religion is a rather large role is our world, and is an unavoidable issue of contemplation. An obvious depiction of religion in Fifth Business, in a microcosm setting, is Sam West (the atheist)’s character. Although he was finely tuned in Christian theory, â€Å"as a boy (Sam) he had been kept hard at the Bible,†(54) he believed â€Å"that morality has nothing to do with religion† (54). This character is a symbol of those in reality who question orthodox religion and choose paths of self-righteousness. Of course there is more to religion than the atheist. Dunstan’s character represents those who are indifferent to the standard structures of religion. Although he was responsible for placing â€Å"the Devil’s picture book - into the hands of his (the Reverend) son Paul (42), Dunstan did not feel he had done wrong, â€Å"I had been a fool to forget how dead set Baptists were against cards. As for the stories about saints, they were tales of wonders, like Arabian Night, and when the Reverend Andrew Bowyer bade all us Presbyterians to prepare ourselves for the Marriage Feast of the Lamb, it seemed to me... Free Essays on Fifth Business Free Essays on Fifth Business â€Å"Carpe diem!† â€Å"question authority†, â€Å"live long and prosper.† If one lives long enough, one will encounter such clichà © statements. These statements become a part of life and many individuals acquire their lives to following them. The significance comes in why people adopt certain clichà ©. The answer may lie in that the world is composed of assorted people who think, and act in their own personal beliefs. And everybody plays their own role in the world: roles such as religious leaders, authoritative leaders, and materialistic leaders. This form of macrocosm is captured in the microcosm in the town of Deptford in Robertson Davies‘ Fifth Business. The roles of the characters in Fifth Business demonstrate how a small village in the first half of the twentieth century can represent the diversity of the entire world. Religion is a rather large role is our world, and is an unavoidable issue of contemplation. An obvious depiction of religion in Fifth Business, in a microcosm setting, is Sam West (the atheist)’s character. Although he was finely tuned in Christian theory, â€Å"as a boy (Sam) he had been kept hard at the Bible,†(54) he believed â€Å"that morality has nothing to do with religion† (54). This character is a symbol of those in reality who question orthodox religion and choose paths of self-righteousness. Of course there is more to religion than the atheist. Dunstan’s character represents those who are indifferent to the standard structures of religion. Although he was responsible for placing â€Å"the Devil’s picture book - into the hands of his (the Reverend) son Paul (42), Dunstan did not feel he had done wrong, â€Å"I had been a fool to forget how dead set Baptists were against cards. As for the stories about saints, they were tales of wonders, like Arabian Night, and when the Reverend Andrew Bowyer bade all us Presbyterians to prepare ourselves for the Marriage Feast of the Lamb, it seemed to me...

A History of the Townsend Act Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

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Branding and Marketing Director - Assignment Example As the discussion highlights to make the healthcare products to sell more, there will be a need to create a brand name and copyright on any original creation of the hospital so that they the business idea and the brand name cannot be leaked or stolen by other competitors. The marketing director will also have the task to plan and administer the hospital’s marketing operations budget. For the marketing department to function effectively there will be the need to carry out a thorough budgeting plan for the hospital so that the hospital can operate within a defined plan in order to avoid situations of deficit or surpluses. To operate on well planned budget will also ensure that resources are well distributed to the various marketing strategies so that the hospital can achieve its objectives through proper planning, budgeting and marketing of the hospital’s products. This paper outlines that a marketing director is also charged with a responsibility of editing materials according to specific customer and market requirements. This is to mean that, the director will have to carry out a research about different customer characteristics and behaviors, and then design healthcare products that can fit the defined customer groups. Just the same way in the food industry, a research is carried out to know the types of foods the customers prefer to use, the preparation type as well as the cost.

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Edit the paper for the final draft submission - Essay Example According to Aristotle, happiness is the highest good that a man can obtain and is achieved by action (Ostwald 59). Aristotle agrees that there are many good things apart from happiness. What makes happiness stand out as the highest good is that it is pursued for its own sake. It is itself an end given that it is sufficient and cannot be utilized beyond itself. For example, you cannot seek happiness so that you get a job. Other good things are pursed for the sake of other things or as a means of obtaining something else. For example, pursuing a job so as to be economically stable or get a nice social class. Hence this job must be utilized so as to obtain the economic stability desired. Aristotle’s theory is based on the reason that each man is aiming at some end. It is this desire that initiates every of their actions. Therefore, living an active virtuous life is the only way to get closer to this desired end. However, these actions are not the ones that will bring happiness. They are just a means of striving towards it. According to him, happiness is some good in which ethical life is centered around hence no one action brings happiness as it also differs for each person. For example, for a poor man, their view of happiness is in riches. As for the rich or when the poor man becomes rich, the focus shifts to honor or power. Therefore, the circle is viscous but finally reaches an end as noted by Ostwald (259). Aristotle differentiates happiness and pleasure. A pleasurable life cannot be equated to a happy life. This is because happiness is acquired by virtuous acts. To support this, he argues that human beings are rational compared to animals hence they can differentiate between pleasure and happiness. In other words, Aristotle argues that happiness is achieved by acting out of virtue. One’s moral actions should lie between the two moral extremes. Men are also supposed to seek truth through contemplation and philosophy. They can

Mitchells Fruit Farms: A history of company growth

Mitchells Fruit Farms: A history of company growth Mitchells Fruit Farms Limited is the oldest and most trusted Food Company in Pakistan. Since starting its operations in 1933, the Company has gone from strength to strength, and its wide variety of products has inundated breakfast tables with farm-fresh consumables, straight from its orchards in Renala Khurd products of a high standard, enriching the lives of millions of people with all the goodness of nature for a healthy lifestyle. Today Mitchells family continues to grow, reaching more and more households worldwide with an ever-increasing array of farm-fresh products ranging from thirst-quenching Squashes Syrups; fruity Jams, Jellies and Marmalade; rich Tomato Ketchup savory Sauces; tasty Pickles; refreshingly nutritious Canned Fruits Vegetables; and a wholesome assortment of Candies Chocolate from its wide range of confectionery products. Francis J. Mitchell arrived in Bombay from Scotland at the end of World War I. He had been invited by his brother who was already established in North Western India as a contractor to the government for construction of the railway network in this part of the subcontinent. At that time, when Francis was already an old man of over sixty years, an opportunity came his way in the form of the emerging irrigation system being laid out in the canal colony districts of West Punjab. He was successful in obtaining the lease of 720 acres of agricultural land in the then Montgomery district. The area allotted to him extended for nearly seven miles from Renala Khurd to Kissan, sandwiched between the arterial lower Bari Doab Canal and the Lahore/Karachi railway. He initiated the business of growing grapes for eventual sale as dried raisins and sent his younger son Richard to Australia for training at Mildura which was well known as a centre of specialisation in the field of horticulture. The The company, with Francis Mitchell as its Governing Director and his two sons Leonard and Richard as Directors, was incorporated in 1933 and given the name Indian Mildura Fruit Farms Ltd. The North Western Railway had opened to traffic a few years before the acquisition of the land by the Mitchell family. Francis Mitchell was asked by the railway authorities to propose a name for the adjoining station. Hence the word Kissan which subsequently became a familiar brand name. The trial planting of grapes, which began in 1921 and lasted until 1924, unfortunately did not prove to be a success. The vines suffered serious damage from pests during the rainy season, just when the grapes needed dry weather for ripening. The entire plantation was replaced with citrus, which, fortunately, proved to be profitable. The elder son, Leonard, was sent specially to South Africa to look for good rootstock, which was the foundation of Valencia orange trees these are well established on the farms today. With the outbreak of World War II, demand for canned fruits and vegetables for the allied troops, stationed in India, began to grow rapidly. To cost-effectively cater to this growing demand, a factory was established in Bangalore, South India. A new joint-stock company by the name of Kissan Products Ltd. was registered. PHASE II: AFTER INDEPENDENCE As a sequel to Independence in 1947, Indian Mildura Fruit Farms Limited lost nearly 75% of its Indian market. The companys name was changed to Mitchells Fruit Farms (Pvt.) Ltd. and the brand name MITCHELLS became the exclusive property of the Pakistani company. Likewise, the Indian company acquired exclusive use of the KISSAN brand name. Francis Mitchell died in 1933 and his elder son, Leonard, became Chairman. After his brothers tragic death in an air accident, Richard took over the chairmanship in 1949 and continued in this capacity until his death in 1987. The family sold its shares gradually, having inducted Pakistani shareholders in 1957, and retired to Eastbourne, U.K., in 1959. Richards wife, Betty, retained her links with the Company in the capacity of Director until 1991. She died in 1995. COMPANYS INFORMATION SALES The national market, particularly in the major cities was saturated with the imported foodstuff. Although foreign fruit preserves, sauces and drinks were visible on the shelves of the largest stores these were not as abundant as imported confectionery, especially various brands of chocolate. It would appear that much of this merchandise continues to be brought into the country through unofficial channels without payment of imported duties. Despite these unhelpful conditions Mitchells were able to achieve a significant increase of over 10% in the sales of confectionery and succeeded at the same time in recording a marginal growth in our traditional groceries business. CAPITAL EXPENDITURE In the beginning they have invested around Rs.29.76 million in putting up modern automated facility in the form of building and machinery. An independent feeder of supply of electric power directly form the WAPDA grid station together with a new standby generator were commissioned in January 2002.at a cost of Rs.14, 535,652.this should result in considerable savings in power bills. Internal cash generation and bank borrowing have met the capital expenditure bill in full. HUMAN RESOURCE Human Resource has also the pivotal importance for the company. Management and employee skills are constantly being updated through training courses and study tours both at home and abroad. Currently Mitchells is operating with 32 executive staff members along with a big sales and labor force RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT The success of Mitchells products, and the taste that has been winning consumers hearts for generations, is the result of the Companys ongoing investment in and emphasis on quality control, reinforced by research and development (R D). Both sections closely coordinate with the Marketing and Exports Office in Lahore where product concepts are initiated and passed on to the R D section for formulation. Once the RD section has prepared samples of new products, the Marketing Division carefully carries out product evaluation. QUALITY CONTROL TRAINING Along with R D, the Quality Control section ensures that all our products live up to the consumers high expectations. From selection of the finest fruits, to processing and packaging, quality control plays a key role in keeping a vigilant and unrelenting eye on every step of the process. The Quality Control staff, with a main up-to-date laboratory, two line-control labs for the Groceries and Sugar Confectionery divisions, and an incubation lab, ensures that there is no deficiency in quality standards during production. As the Company considers its employees its most important asset, management skills are being constantly updated by sending executives on training courses and study tours, both at home and abroad. QUALITY POLICY Mitchells Fruit Farms Limited, is committed to produce best quality products meeting our customers requirements at competitive prices, strengthening our position as a quality managed company. To meet this obligation, the company will continue: 1. Updating of employee skills by training 2. Acquisition of new technology 3. Re-evaluation of its quality control and quality assurance system Management. EXPORTS AND IMPORTS EXPORTS At present, MITCHELLS products are being exported to several parts of the world, including UK, USA, and the Middle East. In future the Company is planning to make MITCHELLS a brand name familiar with households in every part of the world. IMPORTS There are certain Mitchells products that are being imported. For example, we import pineapple from Singapore. Only fruit is imported, the rest of the process is done in our farms. Some of the fruit is imported in the form of pulp such as mango. We do grow mangoes in our farms but due to the increasing demand of mango items we have to import some of the quantity from other countries to meet the demand. Sugar is also imported. PRESENT PERFORMANCE OF MITCHELLS The Company passed a major milestone when it went public in 1993, receiving a record subscription for its shares floated on the market. The year 1998, the 65th for Mitchells, brought another major distinction for the Company; the ISO 9001 accreditation, making it the first food company in Pakistan to achieve the honor. Today in Pakistan, Mitchells is the only major company with fully integrated operations having its own growing and processing facilities at one location. Modern high-volume industrial equipment, professional management and a trained workforce ensure that Mitchells maintains its lead. Fully computerized and inter-linked regional sales offices manage burgeoning countrywide sales, with those in major cities, Karachi, Lahore, Rawalpindi and Islamabad. All the offices are on the Internet/e-mail network ensuring uninterrupted flow of data. Highly qualified executives using modern management tools from the Head Office in Lahore handle commercial, financial and accounting functions. A smooth distribution system with nationwide coverage and consistency of quality have kept the most prestigious national institutions loyal to Mitchells growing product range. These include Pakistan International Airlines (PIA), leading five star hotels and clubs, Utility Stores Corporation, Canteen Stores Department, chains of main stores and established restaurants in major cities. FUTURE PROSPECTS We believe that given the vast agricultural potential of Pakistan, there are bright prospects for the food processing industry, which can helpmeet the nutritional needs of the growing urban population within the country as well as provide a surplus for export. The pre-requisite for such a development is a healthier and expanding economy. We are confident that our company is well placed to derive full benefit for the opportunities as they arise. MITCHELLS OBJECTIVES Mitchells objective is to provide its customer with healthy, innovative and best quality food that will tempt their appetite at all times. Above all, Mitchells also promise convenience variety at affordable prices. VISION AND MISSION STATEMENT 1. To be a leader in the markets we serve by providing quality products and efficient services to our consumers while learning from their feedback to set even higher standards for our products. 2. To be a company that continuously enhances its superior technological competence to provide innovative solutions and superior products as per requirement of the market place. 3. To be a company that attracts and retains outstanding people by creating a culture that fosters openness and innovation, promotes individual growth, and rewards initiative and performance. 4. To be a company which combines its people, technology, management systems, and market opportunities to achieve profitable growth while providing fair returns to its investors. 5. To be a company that endeavors to set the highest standards in corporate ethics in serving society. SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS MITCHELLS Mitchells launched its squashes in the year 1941. Mitchells was the sole player in the field of squashes at that time. They were the first movers in rich fruit citrus. They identified the need of, make to drink product. After the proper customer need analysis consistent screening and evaluation by the Mitchells research and development department a totally new product (squashes) was designed in the form of rich fresh fruit citrus .It was a break through innovation They availed the opportunity and gained the first mover advantage. So they get hold of major market share , and with the passage of time they captured the market knowledge and rare resources Mitchells got the competitive advantage because they had the first mover advantage Fully integrated operations. Specially farm fresh fruits with having their own growing and processing facilities Mitchells had professional management and the trained workforce Mr. Richard got training from Australia Mildura at the initial stage A smooth distribution system with nationwide coverage Right products, quality and reliability. Management was committed and confident Mitchells was the pioneer in the field of squashes, they gained massive market share and achieved the positive word of mouth regarding there products as they are made of fresh farm fruits. Target Market: The target market at the time of launch was up to 60 years of age and the core target was 15-30 years of age. Segmentation: They segmented their product on the socio economic classes focusing on- A, B+ and B. Marketing Strategy: As they had the first mover advantage they utilized it fully and initially promoted squashes by newspapers, posters radio channels. But they mainly invested there resources in building there corporate image . MAJOR COMPETITOR SHEZAN: The company was incorporated in 1964 as a Private Limited Company, with the main objective to set up an industrial undertaking for manufacturing of juices, squashes, sherbets, jams, pickles and preserves from fruits and vegetables. Shezan International Limited was conceived as a joint venture by the Shahnawaz Group of Pakistan and Alliance Industrial Development Corporation of U.S.A. The agricultural background of the Pakistani sponsors induced them to establish this agro-based industry. Today Shezan is the largest food processing unit having developed and installed the capacity to meet the countrys local as well as export needs. While introducing a me too product, squashes the major threat was to compete Mitchells, who already got the major market share by capturing rare resources and already gained knowledge of key factors and issues of the market. It was very costly for Shezan to overtake Mitchells.There was a high risk involved in competing with Mitchells fruit Farm Company. Shezan had the advantage to follow the already set product standards of Mitchells regarding research and development. Shezan had the line of action to grab market share by offering high quality and better taste followed by product variety by analyzing the Mitchells squashes. Target Market: Shezans target market is up to 60 years of age and their core target market is 15-30 years of age. Segmentation: They segmented their product on the socio economic classes focusing on A, B+ and B. Marketing Strategy: Launched squashes in 1968-1969. at that time they promote it by newspapers, posters radio. On radio there was a show with the name HIT BREAK the host name was HAMAD. They used market skimming strategy by offering low prices to capture the market share. SHEZANS COMPETITIVE STRATEGY  ·Initially launched only three flavors of squashes which were ( mango, orange and lemon). But in current market it has 6 flavors  (orange, mango, mix fruit, lemon and lemon barley, pomegranate)    ·Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Shezan was available in 735 ml. glass bottle but now its available in pet bottle of 830 ml  ·Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Complete backward integration in case of this company since it is the only company that has its own sugar mill as well in the name of Shahtaj Sugar Mills, Mandi-bahauddin.  ·Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Shezan has the most developed distribution channels network and therefore it has an advantage of reaching maximum customers throughout Pakistan with the help of small retailers as well as larger retailers  ·Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Shezan owns 60% of shelf space in all of the almost 16,000 outlets of Utility Stores  ·Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Shezan is involved in advertisements and low cost promotional campaigns which makes it a very generic brand name in the mind of consumers when they are out shopping for squashes.  ·Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Shezan is the largest food processing unit having developed and installed the capacity to meet the countrys local as well as export needs.  ·Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Shezan has the highest production capacity as compared to its competitors. MITCHELLS CURRENT STRATEGY Mitchells refreshing Squashes are made from the Farm Fresh Fruits in a hygienic environment keeping in view the health of their valued customers. Mitchells procure raw material from fresh and sun ripened fruits especially grown on their orchards in Renala, they offer a range of energizing natural fruit flavors that promise to liven up your day. Mitchells is the only major food company in Pakistan today with fully integrated operations having its own growing and processing facilities at one location. Modern high-volume industrial equipment, professional management and a trained workforce all combine to ensure that Mitchells continues its dominance as the innovator, market leader and trend setter. In 1998 Mitchells became the first food company in Pakistan to achieve ISO 9001 accreditation, thus becoming more competitive on the international stage also. Squashes has now stagnate growth and product itself is at maturity stage so Mitchells is trying to retain the market share and its loyal customers. Mitchells introduced squashes pet bottles with the quantity 1.5 liter and 810 ml Mitchells squashes are available in seven flavors (orange, mango, mix fruit, pineapple, guava, lemon and lemon barley) Mitchells Diet Squashes are available in eight flavors. Mitchells squashes contain extensive fruit content which is the major differentiation factor. In year 2001 and 2002 they run a biggest campaign for squashes. Mitchells used more than 200 hoardings displayed all over the Pakistan As squashes has stagnate growth and product itself is at maturity stage the company is focusing upon building its corporate image rather than investing solely on squashes advertisements. So they dont want to waste their money on squash ads. Last year Mitchells launched DIET squashes, for NICHE MARKET. POS material of advertisement has only been used to promote it. Mitchells Diet Squashes contain No Sugar and have 90% less calories than Regular Squash Mitchells Diet Squashes are available in two flavors. Diet Mixed Fruit Squash, and Diet Orange Squash Mitchells is using consumer and trade promotion. But mainly focusing on trade promotions. . In Lahore the retailer benefit is 12+1, it means Mitchells give one free bottle to its retailer on the purchase of 12 bottles but on the other side in Karachi the trade promotion policy is 24 + 3 i.e. on the purchase of 24 bottles Mitchells give 3 bottles to its retailers. Thus Mitchells make the use Their unique selling proposition is quality .They never compromise on the quality. Even if they got any complain then they immediately replace it. Mitchelles believes that success of the organization lies in the satisfaction of its customers. Therefore Mitchells has always given first priority to its customers feed back and this they do by the following ways Thorough questionnaire feed back forms Thorough shop keepers Through ISO procedures (CPA, Corrective and Preventive Actions) The feedbacks and opinions of the customers are very useful for them and besides this they study the feedback and try to implement that accordingly. MARKET ANALYSIS The market for Squashes in Pakistan is mainly influenced by branded competitors in this specific product category. These competitors have firm distribution channels.. As a majority of the countrys population is in lower-lower to lower-middle class, this is the reason that people are more price conscious and secondly the also look for the convenience of products due to this reason there is a demand shift observed in the squash industry. The demand of Squashes is now limited only for few months in major areas of country. The Business of Squashes in Lahore is at its peak between May and November So Mitchells play a different strategy as far as region Lahore is concerned but on the other side business in Karachi remains stale and on the same level of graph thorough out the whole year thus Mitchells imply different strategy in terms of Karachi. The reason of this limited demand according to the market analysis is because that you cannot relate squshes with different occasions for example the way red syrup Jam-i-Sheerin and Rooh Afzah are relating themselves to Ramadan and Muharam, another big reason of the limited demand of the Squashes is because of i ts usage which is limited upto a thirst quenching drink but red syrup can be utilized in many ways apart from drinking such as toping, used in milk etc Target market The targeting decision determines which customer group the organization will serve. Selecting good market targets is one of the management most demanded challenges. Mitchells basically design the strategy to target the Social economic class of A B+ grade. But then by the time every class becomes part of their market. There primary focus was A B+ rank but now they target overall market and go for mass market. The reason is from the age group of (3-80) years old people use it as a refreshing and energetic drink. Target approach is being used by the Mitchells in case of Squashes product variety. Here the segments are not clearly defined but extensive target. Target Market Demographics: up to 80 years as target market while core target market includes ages between 15 30. Age: 10 and above Family life cycle: Young, Children, Old people. Psychographics: Middle, Middle Upper, Lower, Lower Upper, Upper class. Benefits: Quality, Rich in taste. Segmentation The concept of one-size-fit-all mass market is no longer relevant. Companies have to define that which segment they are about to target. Few years back, squashes segmentation was on the basis of behioral, life style and usage rate was high but now the potential is not in the market. Even consumption pattern has been decreased due to the entrance of other substitute products. Market needs Talking about the need of market there is a need of those products which are comparatively cheap as well as give ease to consumer. In todays world everyone is in hurry and customer want quick drink and quick food just to save their time. Considering Mitchells squashes need was there few years back when powdered drink and juices and energy drinks were not introduced to the market. So mitchells took the first mover advantage to introduce it though they conducted a research to create a need and capture a major market share at that time. 1. Quality craftsmanship Mitchells never compromise on its quality of fruit. Their squashes have extensive fruit content. There quality remains consistent all the time. 2. innovations As Mitchells company felt that customer are now very health continuous so they introduce DIET SQUASHES last year with the slogan lose weight not taste. But they have introduced it for the niche segments only. They even didnt use promotion activities for these innovations. 3. customer services As each and every company are trying to have good relationship with the customer. So in this regard if they got any complains related to their products they replace it without wasting the time of customer. CUSTOMER SATISFACTION MEASUREMENT: The success of the organization lies in the satisfaction of its customers. Therefore Mitchells has always given first priority to its customers feed back and this they do by the following ways Thorough questionnaire feed back forms Thorough shop keepers Through ISO procedures (CPA, Corrective and Preventive Actions) The feedbacks and opinions of the customers are very useful for them and besides this they study the feedback and try to implement that accordingly. Market trends Trends are changing rapidly, so nobody knows the customer who will buy our product today will buy it tomorrow as well as or not. At this time quashes are in MATURITY stage. The reason is because it takes relatively more time in getting ready instead of other new drinks. So there is still not any hope to create a new market in this industry. The only strategy Mitchells is using just to retain their existing customer and not looking for new customers. Its basically depend that customer is loyal to the product or not. The customers who are heavy users of squashes might not be shift to other substitute because they are loyal to it. Market growth Now there is no more growth in squashes industry due to consumer preferences and other factor is customer are very price conscious now. They want to have instant drinks to save their time but at cheap rates. So market has been shifted due to other drinks like powdered drink, instant drink, juices and red syrup. So now squashes are lying in CASHCOW because it gives money but not further growth. As Mitchells is the pioneer and still leader in the market so contain major share of market so far. BCG MATRIX SWOT analysis of Mitchells Strengths Fully integrated operations Having its own growing and processing facilities Modern high-volume industrial equipment Professional management and a trained workforce A smooth distribution system with nationwide coverage Right products, quality and reliability. Management is committed and confident Weaknesses Customer lists not tested Some gaps in range for certain sectors Customer service staff needs training More budget needed for Human Resource Development Opportunities Mitchells can continue its dominance as the innovator Can maintain its position as market leader Can also continue to be a trend setter International and domestic market expansion Introducing new verities of food products Local competitors have poor products End-users respond to new ideas Can surprise competitors Threats Political instability International Financial crises Challenge of work force diversity Changing technology and concept Legislation could impact Retention of key staff critical Possible negative publicity Market demand very seasonal SWOT analysis of squashes Strength: power of quality which remain consistent. Weakness: price and cost of ingredients used in squashes. Opportunity: can define more segments like introduce squashes in small bottles so reach customer buying power. Threat: all the substitute drinks. Picture of squashes: Competition analysis The competition is very fierce among the competitors so Mitchells always get the first mover advantage and still the leader of market. It has major share in the market. Direct competitors: Shezan squashes Indirect competitor: red syrup, instant drinks Market shares Mitchells 40% Shezan 38% Kinza 11% Others 11% Positioning strategy We provide high price, high quality premium product. Our market share in only Lahore is 30% for squashes. More than 50% of the area of the shelves in the stores is covered from Mitchells squashes. Position: We focus on positioning because it is important for developing the image that our product projects in relation to our competitors products (shezan).   Positioning in relation to a competitor: We place our products directly against the competitors products. this strategy is suitable for us because we have a solid differential advantage against our competitor Positioning in relation to a product class or attribute: We sell our product with the slogan We provide farm fresh quality drink And consider it to be our competitive edge against our competitors and for the same reason we focus on this attribute claiming that since we have our own farms we provide you with the squashes made of fresh fruit. Positioning by price and quality: We consider our squashes to be a premium product. That is high quality, high price. All our customers buy them due to brand loyalty. They know that they are getting something that is worth what they are paying. Marketing mix Product Strategy: It is a consumer product. Initially it was a convenience product but due to the massive demand shift observed in the market the customers are more eager to buy ready to drink products. Sugar Confectionary NEW LAUNCHES: Mitchells Diet Squashes Mitchells refreshing Diet Squashes are made from the Farm Fresh Fruits in a hygienic environment keeping in view the health of our valued customers. Our Diet Squashes contain No Sugar and have 90% less calories than Regular Squash. Mitchells Diet Squashes are available in two flavours.  ·Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Diet Mixed Fruit Squash, and  ·Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Diet Orange Squash Product life cycle: Pricing Strategy: Mitchells pricing goal is to increase sales volume and maintain or increase the market share. In order to seek higher sales volume we often apply discounting techniques or other aggressive pricing strategies. Mitchells had charged premium price due to there brand image in the market for a long time. But, due to shift in demand it has become almost to its competitors. They cannot afford to fall below certain level of prices as they have to maintain certain profit level. At this point they are facing tough competition because one glass of squash costs 7.5 Rs on the other hand the price of powdered drink is 5 Rs per glass. Cost of 810 ml of bottle of Squash for retailer (including tax) = 71 bottle Cost of 810 ml of bottle of squash for consumer (including tax) = 82 bottle Profit margin = 11 bottle. Cost of 1.5 liter of bottle of squash for retailer (including tax) = 227.5 bottle Cost of 1.5 liter of bottle of squash for consumer(including tax) = 244 bottle Profit margin = 16.5 bottle Distribution Strategy Mitchells adopted the channel-Structure Strategy for distribution. They believe that product should be distributed directly from manufacturer to customer or indirectly through one or more intermediaries. They sell their products sometimes directly and sometimes they sell their products through retailers. Like in Lahore they need to sell thei

Chaucers View of the Pardoner as a Character Essay -- Geoffrey Chauce

Chaucer's View of the Pardoner as a Character In the Pardoner’s Tale, Chaucer presents the Pardoner in a particular light, and being a religious figure, this allows him to make a general statement about religion at the time. Chaucer’s view of the Pardoner as a character, and also as something to epitomise religion at the time, is evident from his use of vocabulary, his style, and by using strong imagery and description. In this way, Chaucer builds the character of the Pardoner as someone who is ironically deceptive and driven by his own selfish motives. A key theme that runs throughout the Pardoner’s Prologue is religion, and as the Pardoner’s proper role is to act as an intercessor between those who wish to repent and God himself, it is appropriate that Chaucer uses a great deal of religious lexis. There are many examples of this all through the text, such as when he mentions that the Pardoner carries ‘Bulles of popes and cardinals’ or ‘official documents’ signed by popes and cardinals. The plural use of the word ‘popes’ reveals a lot about the Pardoner in that it immediately shows his disregard and contempt for the clergy. Religiously, there is only meant to be one Pope and pluralizing the word devalues the pro-noun to a simple noun. The lack of determiners only further degrades the Pope as it shows no differentiation in these religious figures and others. They are simply the same and en masse, whereas, believers of the religion would disagree and be of the opinion that the Pope is the highest religious authority, but the Pardoner brings him down to basic levels and standards. Another example of lexis related to religion is when the Pardoner says ‘I stonde lyk a clerk in my pulpet’. This simile un... ...oner and Chaucer does not let his readers forget it as he gives continuous reminders throughout the text. Chaucer is not always so subtle in his presentation of the Pardoner. Near the end of the prologue, the Pardoner boldly asserts that ‘though myself be a full vicious man, A moral tale yet I you telle kan.’ The pardoner describes himself as we have aready been made to see him by Chaucer’s other techniques and here he admits it shamelessly, which only adds to the readers’ negative impression of him, in that he is not only deceptive, deceitful and ‘vicious’ but he also has no regret or remorse for his actions and attitudes, hence he is unlikely to change. It is ironic that the Pardoner admits to this characteristic of his and then claims that he will still be able to tell a moral tale, although his admittance also shows that he is aware of this irony.

Political Economy Essay

Approaches to study of Politics Falls under Political Science We’re made to do the impossible Summary 1 paragraph will do. Provide the insight -Data -Theory used -approach used – use other references to prove your point 3 x 5 Surname all caps first name email address mobile number On approach deals with different meaning of politics Political Science What is Politics & its scope ? Banned words Politics is dirt Politics is nothing more than a means of rising in the world Samuel Johnson Systematic organization of hatred Henry Adams Art of governing mankind by deceiving them. Isaac D’Israeli BASIS of POLITICS Intellect and Will Man Capable of Thinking Politics as a rational activity Man has the capacity to think and realize his wants, needs and interest which are potentially in conflict with others’ wants, needs, and interests. Man cannot survive on its own. He needs someone else Politics as a social activity 2 or more persons Politics as a social activity 2 or more persons Associate with society Politics is concerned with social dynamics. POLITICS AS THE ART OF GOVt What concerns the state Study of government and exercise of authority Authoritative allocation of social values Framework Definition does not provide David Easton Authoritative binding to all Allocation done by the government Social Values anything held important by society budget allocation, privatization, elections Henry Mayo 3 characteristics that separate the political from non-poitical Politics is focused on the governing function through which are: Limitation on Easton on Mayo’s concept of Politics POLITICS DOES NOT ONLY HAPPEN IN THE GOVERNMENT POLTICS AS PUBLIC AFFAIRS State DIFFERENCE OF GOVERNMENT AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS PUBLIC PRIVATE State Civil Society Institutions of the State ( apparatus of government, infrastructure, economy, taxes Autonomous bodies (family, kinship groups, private businesses, trade unions Funded at the public’s Expense Set up and funded by individual citizens Responsible for the collective organization of community life Responsible for the satisfaction of own interests rather than the interest of the larger society. Private with this definition EX: RH Bill It should not be affair of the government. Public Sphere vs Private Sphere Restricted to the acitivites of the state itself and the responsibilities that are properly exercised by public bodies Politics should not meddle on personal affairs and institutions. POLITICS AS COMPROMISE & CONSESUS A daily activity in which differing interests within a given unity of rule are conciliated by giving them a share in power in proportion to their role in the welfare and the survival of the community Bernard Crick Everything will just be fine – for no matter big or small the dispute is, at the end of the day we will just arrive in a compromise. Assumption: Conflict is inevitable Resolving conflict through compromise conciliation and negotiation, rather than violence and coercion. Not limited to government POLITICS IS INEVITABLE LINKED TO THE PHENOMENA OF CONFLICT & COOPERATION Politics as master science. Why Make use other things to make things in order. Existence of rival opinions- conflict People recognize that they have to work with others cooperation Hannah Arendt- Acting in Concert Otto Von Bismarck- Politics is the art of the possible. POWER AS POWER & DISTRIBUTION OF RESOURCES What is power? X has power over Y insofar as Robert Dahl X is able, in one way or another, to get Y to do something That is more to X’s liking And which Y would not otherwise have done. Faces of Power As decision-making – you shape there decisions As agenda setting – You are preventing the person to make a decision As thought control- You are imposing your preference in an indirect or subtle way. Definition of Politics through POWER and allocation of resources FIND THE FOLLOWING QUOTES OF FAMOUS SCIENTISTS Adrian Leftwich- Politics is at the heart of all collective social activity, formal and informal, public and private, in all human groups, institutions and societies. Harold Lasswell Politics is, in essence power: the ability to achieve a desired outcome, through whatever means. Kate Millett â€Å"Politics is a power-structured relationships, arrangements whereby one group of persons is controlled by another. â€Å"POLITICS†- as the constrained use of social power. Robert Goodin & Hans- Dieter Klingemann Constrained because there are already laws establish. Politics takes place in all social activities; politics happen at every level of social interaction Politics concern production, distribution and use of resources in the course of social existence. -Ability to achieve a desired outcome, through whatever means . Approaches to the study of Politics Ontology- the nature of being Epistemology- How do you know what we know? Theoretical – concept & idea Empirical- Evidence, observation History- both theory and experience Methodology- How do we exactly know what we know MAKE A MATRIX OF THE DIFFERENT APPROACHES USING THE FOLLOWING: Nature Ontology Epistemology Methodology Studying Politics requires that we use approaches Approaches presecrbies different ways of studying politics Approaches tell the researcher: Ontology Epistemology Methodology Approaches are lenses in which you see the world In politics Normative Institutional Behavioural Discourse Analysis State-Centered Pluralism Elitism Marxism Brief History of its Development -Philosophical Tradition -Empirical Tradition -Scientific Tradition -Recent Developments Rational Choice Public Choice Discource.

QUESTIONAIRE for NOKIAs brand effect

QUESTIONAIRE for NOKIAs brand effect Free Online Research Papers 1. Name: 2. Gender: 3. Age: Below 20 ( ) Between 20-30 ( ) Between 30-40 ( ) Between 40-50 ( ) 50 Above ( ) 4. Which Brand do you use? /How many Mobile phones do you own? Nokia ( ) Samsung ( ) Motorola ( ) LG ( ) Sony Ericsson ( ) Other ( ) 5. Since how long have you been using your mobile phone? Less than 6 months ( ) Less than a year ( ) More than a year ( ) 6. Rank the Brands according to your preference in case you’re purchasing a new mobile? (1 for most preferred) Nokia ( ) Samsung ( ) Motorola ( ) LG ( ) Sony Ericsson ( ) Other ( ) 7. How much importance do you give to the following factors when you purchase a mobile? (Tick in the desired column) Factor Very Important Important Normal Least Important None Price 1 2 3 4 5 Brand 1 2 3 4 5 Colour 1 2 3 4 5 Shape 1 2 3 4 5 Design 1 2 3 4 5 Quality 1 2 3 4 5 Features 1 2 3 4 5 User- friendly 1 2 3 4 5 Features (Applications, Camera mega pixels, Music player, Internet, screen size) 8. How satisfied are you with the following factor in your preferred mobile? (Tick in the desired column) Factor Very Satisfied Satisfied Normal Least Satisfied Can’t Say Price 1 2 3 4 5 Brand 1 2 3 4 5 Colour 1 2 3 4 5 Shape 1 2 3 4 5 Design 1 2 3 4 5 Quality 1 2 3 4 5 Features 1 2 3 4 5 User- friendly 1 2 3 4 5 9. Which promotional offer attracts you most? Free gifts ( ) Price offer ( ) Discount ( ) Any other ( ) 10. Which of these following factors affect your purchase? Advertisement ( ) Suggestion from friends relatives ( ) Attractive Display ( ) Brand Ambassadors ( ) other ( ) 11. Does the features of the product influence on your purchase decision? Yes ( ) No ( ) 12. Which media of advertisement influences your purchase? Television ( ) Newspaper ( ) Magazine ( ) Internet ( ) Others ( ) 13. How frequently do you purchase mobiles? Once in 6 months ( ) Yearly ( ) Twice a year ( ) 14. If your preferred brand is not available for purchases then what will you do? Postpone your purchase ( ) Switch over to other brand ( ) Go the showroom of your brand ( ) 15. If another brand of the same product appears in the market will you prefer to stop buying this brand and buy the new brand? No, not at all ( ) No, I shall not ( ) I may consider ( ) Can’t Say ( ) Research Papers on QUESTIONAIRE for NOKIA's brand effectMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalLifes What IfsPETSTEL analysis of IndiaDefinition of Export QuotasResearch Process Part OneThe Project Managment Office System

Free Essays on Seperation By Church

Separation by Church Church can play a big role in a person’s life. Some religions can tell people how to live or what to do with their lives. Having a life mostly controlled by your religious beliefs might be what is right for you then again; it can be what separates you. Having a religion telling you how to live or how your life should be is a very big influence. Most of the time religious beliefs will be what sets you apart from most other people. Religious beliefs are mainly what the religious community goes by as a set of rules or restrictions. Believing in your faith is one factor that decides your everyday life. Your beliefs, whether or not they co-inside with your religion, help you get through everyday life. All in all your beliefs with your religion pretty much make up your life. Church can mean everything to a person. To some, it might mean quite a bit more than to a person who does not actually have a religion. I met a girl one night at school. She was nice, intelligent, and sweet. Her personality was awesome. She was the kind of girl that you could just be very happy to be with. Well we hung out a bit, going out and getting coffee and just becoming good friends. Now from the time we first hung out up until the time where I realized there was something going on between us, it was great. I do not think I had ever felt more alive. She was a very church oriented girl and she was catholic. We kept hanging out and seeing each other for a while. This went on for a few weeks. Unfortunately the weekend was over. Just about every day we hung out with each other and enjoyed ourselves. Obviously by now both of us realized that there was something good going on. There we were in a Denny’s restaurant. I got up to go pay the bill; when I came back she was still sitting there so I sat down to finish my drink. As I sat down she turned to me and said â€Å"Hey Jason what’s up?† I r eplied with â€Å"What’s! up with... Free Essays on Seperation By Church Free Essays on Seperation By Church Separation by Church Church can play a big role in a person’s life. Some religions can tell people how to live or what to do with their lives. Having a life mostly controlled by your religious beliefs might be what is right for you then again; it can be what separates you. Having a religion telling you how to live or how your life should be is a very big influence. Most of the time religious beliefs will be what sets you apart from most other people. Religious beliefs are mainly what the religious community goes by as a set of rules or restrictions. Believing in your faith is one factor that decides your everyday life. Your beliefs, whether or not they co-inside with your religion, help you get through everyday life. All in all your beliefs with your religion pretty much make up your life. Church can mean everything to a person. To some, it might mean quite a bit more than to a person who does not actually have a religion. I met a girl one night at school. She was nice, intelligent, and sweet. Her personality was awesome. She was the kind of girl that you could just be very happy to be with. Well we hung out a bit, going out and getting coffee and just becoming good friends. Now from the time we first hung out up until the time where I realized there was something going on between us, it was great. I do not think I had ever felt more alive. She was a very church oriented girl and she was catholic. We kept hanging out and seeing each other for a while. This went on for a few weeks. Unfortunately the weekend was over. Just about every day we hung out with each other and enjoyed ourselves. Obviously by now both of us realized that there was something good going on. There we were in a Denny’s restaurant. I got up to go pay the bill; when I came back she was still sitting there so I sat down to finish my drink. As I sat down she turned to me and said â€Å"Hey Jason what’s up?† I r eplied with â€Å"What’s! up with...

Green House gases Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Green House gases - Essay Example Heavy industrialization is believed to be the major reason for the increase in quantity of greenhouse gases on earth’s atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is the major greenhouse gas which causes atmospheric temperature rise. â€Å"During the past 20 years, about three-quarters of human-made carbon dioxide emissions were from burning fossil fuels† (Greenhouse Gases, Climate Change, and Energy). The number of automobiles which use fossil fuels is growing day by day along with the number of industrial units in the world. Both automobiles and industrial units are liberating huge amounts of greenhouse gases and these greenhouse gases absorb all the thermal energy reaching on earth and prevent any thermal energy reflecting back. Earlier, there was a balance between the thermal energy reaching on earth from the sun and the thermal energy reflected back from earth and that is why climate changes were not much common earlier. However, at present, most of the thermal energy reaching on e arth’ surface from sun is staying in the atmosphere itself because of the increase in quantity of greenhouse gases and subsequently atmospheric temperature increases. Atmospheric temperature increase result in weather changes, sea level rise and unexpected natural calamities.

Peaceful Coexistence Policy and the Changing Personalities in Soviet Essay

Peaceful Coexistence Policy and the Changing Personalities in Soviet Leadership - Essay Example However, not all policies resulted in failure and devastating suffering (Allen 1964). One notable exception was the policy of Peaceful Coexistence instituted by Khrushchev. Until then, the country had been led by Josef Stalin. Under Stalin’s leadership, many oppressive and rigid policies were put in place. After his death, there was a significant incentive to revise them as they had weakened Soviet standing, both abroad and at home. The United States had outpaced the Soviet Union in the nuclear arms race (Mc Dougall 2000). The Soviet Union was surrounded by United States bases located all over Europe. As a result, the Soviet Union had to buy time so as to catch up with its rival. Peaceful Coexistence was the perfect resort. By declaring its interest in peace, the Soviet Union could fend off any likely attacks from the United States at its weakest hour. By no means was Khrushchev a radical departure from Stalin. However, small changes took place, and they were the embodiment of the policy of Peaceful Coexistence. These small changes and how the person at the top helped brought them about shall be at the centre of this writing. Stalin was a dictator. He used all means, mostly brutal, to achieve his selfish aims. He eliminated enemies at an alarming rate and with great ferocity. Its worth pointing out that the name Stalin means ‘man of steel’. His brutality was evident in the way that he expelled Trotsky from the Communist party. He subsequently organized for his murder even while in exile, in Mexico City. He did not believe in political competition (Allen 1964). He eliminated several of his close allies. When his son tried to commit suicide unsuccessfully all he could say was, â€Å"the idiot can not even shoot straight†. From this character, it would also be fair to assume that the Soviet Union would also take on a more aggressive attitude to international affairs. On the political front, the Soviet Union under Stalin dealt brutally wi th Poland. They corrupted the politics of Soviet member countries like Poland and Ukraine. Generally, the Soviet Union under Stalin was a reflection of the man himself, brutal. Enter Khrushchev; an extremely different man when compared to Stalin. He could tolerate a little competition. He closed the Gulag labor camps which had thrived under Stalin. He criticized Stalin as a brutal despot. His preference to indulge in negotiations is well documented. Taking after his character, the Soviet Union also adopted a more conciliatory tone with regard to international conflicts. When the fate of East Berlin was at stake, he issued a sixth month deadline which he subsequently withdrew in the interests of peace. His approach to the Cuban Missile Crisis is also worth mention. In the depth of the Cold War, he clandestinely stacked nuclear weapons in Cuba, a few miles off the United States border (Mc Dougall 2000). After this plan was unmasked by the Kennedy administration, he respectfully abided by the truce. These differing approaches to politics in the Soviet Union directly derive from the leader at the helm. This is very much in consonance with the Soviet maxim that the revolution begins at the top. With regards to economic affairs, the approach also depended on the attitude and character of the leader at the helm. Under Stalin, the Soviet Union depended entirely on agriculture. It was Stalin’

Effects of Globalization on the US Steel Producers Research Paper

Effects of Globalization on the US Steel Producers - Research Paper Example Globalization is an integrated term related to the people, industries and government policies of different nations. With the virtue of globalization, people today can share the new ideas, technologies, and techniques. These developed traits can further be implied by them into their own corporations with an aim of betterment. Therefore, globalization has a great impact on the culture, political system and economic development of any and every economy. Likewise, the US steel producers are also affected by globalization. For instance, the competition has increased in the international steel industry making it more challenging and complex. However, an industry can gain opportunities and incur threats simulataneuously due to the impct of globalization. The US steel industry is also fluctuated with many of the factors active in the global market. US steel industry is one of the major steel producing sectors in the inetrnational market. It chiefly produces iron-ore and coke for steel manufacturing. Worth mentioning, it achieved a net sales of 16,873 million doller in the year 2007 which was a steep rise when compared to the net sales amounting 15,715 million dollar in the year 2006. Besides producing steel, it is also involved in other business activities, such as developing transportaion via rail and barge operations (United States Steel Corporation, 2007). The integration of globalization with the US economy occurred rapidly which in turn affected the US steel industry quite strongly. Notably, the consequences raised by the integration of US steel industry with the global market were severe. For instance, the globalization provides the US consumers more choices and lower prices which increases the power of buyers at large. It also increases the employment rate in the global market (Plummer, 2006). As steel is chiefly produced in the US and in the South Korean industries, threre exists a wage restrain between the two economies. This illustrates the fact, that if the wages of the US steel industry is too high, then it will not be able to compete with South Korean steel suppliers and other economies as well. This would most probably lead the US steel producers to decline along with an increased constraint of unemployment. According to Plummer, hardly any other economy could compete with the US technology three decades ago. But presently s everal countries have advanced in technology as a result of globalization. This reveals the fact that the US economy requires to concentrate more on its competitive edge when compared with the international market. On the similar context, the imports and exports are also affected because of globalization which in turn influences the US based steel industry largely (Plummer, 2006). American Institute for International Steel, Inc’s study on The US Steel Market reveals that steel industry of the US has a record of profit gained from the exportation of steel in the global market. Higher prices of steel in global markets in comparison to that of the US steel industry has resulted in exports amounting approximately to 13 million tons. In this milieu, China, Europe and India are recognised as the major receivers of the US made steels (American Institute for International Steel, Inc, 2009). High freight rate and attractive prices in Turkey, Oman, Russia and Europe have

Diversifying Hoikuen Offerings to Drive Japan Essay Example for Free

Diversifying Hoikuen Offerings to Drive Japan Essay Japan lies amongst the leading countries in providing the early childhood care and education in the world. The pre-primary and child care industry is one of the most important growth drivers of the overall education industry in Japan and forms a major share of the educational spending of the households. The falling births rates of Japan for last several years have although adversely affected the number of enrollments in last few years, however, the demand for the childcare and preschool centres remains high. The rising participation of women in the workforce has further strengthened the demand. Presently, the government of Japan is facing huge to provide more number of preschool and childcare centres in order to meet the huge demand. Private players, over the years have taken advantage of the prevailing demand-supply crisis situation and have resultantly gained increasing traction in the pre-primary education and childcare industry of Japan. The pre-primary education and childcare markets of Japan are broadly segmented on the basis of the target population and work status of parents, and are governed under separate ministries. The pre-primary education market of Japan is characterized by high gross enrollment rates, encouraged and supported by growing awareness levels amongst the masses about the importance of the pre-primary education. Pre-primary education market thus enjoys a dominant share in the overall market and showcased revenues of USD ~ million in FY’2012. The pre-primary market caters to children of 3-6 years of age through preschool centres called youchien. The childcare market of Japan is growing industry segment which caters to children of 4 months to 6 years of age through centers called hoikuen. The childcare centres of Japan provide both preschool education and care to the young kids. The demand for the childcare centres has been rising in Japan with an increasing number of dual-income earning households. In FY’2013, the market registered revenues of USD ~ million, growing by 7. 8% from FY’2012. Japan pre-primary education and childcare industry is highly fragmented with private players forming ~% of the total market. An increasing number of players have entered in the industry over the years, attracted by the high demand existing in the sector. Some of the major players include Pigeonhearts Corporation, Poppins Corporation, Benesse and CombiWith Corporation. Majority of the major providers are subsidiaries of companies operating in diverse fields while only a few such as Poppins Corporation, specialize in providing childcare  services. The pre-primary and childcare industry of Japan is undergoing changes regarding the curriculum adopted for the academic purposes. The industry is transitioning from a play-based curriculum to increasing preferability of the academic orientation in preschools. Also, the preschools and childcare centres in Japan have started providing diversified services with a view to attract greater number of enrollments. These include enrichment lessons, care services at vacations, night time care etc. Furthermore, the separate formats of childcare and preschools are expected to merge in future in order to satisfy the rising demand. The report â€Å"Japan Pre-primary Education and Childcare Industry Outlook to FY’2018† provides detailed overview on the preschool industry from various perspectives. The report encloses a comprehensive analysis of the various segments of the market reflecting the present scenario and future growth affected by changing industry dynamics in coming years. Additionally, the report also entails information about the government rules and policies, rational analysis of the macroeconomic factors, along with the competitive landscape of the pre-primary education and childcare industry. The report will help industry consultants, companies and other stakeholders to align their market centric strategies according to ongoing and expected trends in future. For more information on the market, please refer to our recent publication on: http://www. kenresearch. com/education/pre-school-education/japan-pre-primary-education-research-report/400-99. html.